Baseline (N = 906)

6-month Follow-up

(N = 273)

12-month Follow-up

(N = 180)

Age (years), mean (SD)

58.6 (16.8)

62.5 (15.4)

63.2 (15.0)

Gender Male Female

337 (37.2)

568 (62.8)

109 (39.9)

164 (60.1)

65 (36.1)

115 (63.9)

Marital status Married Never married Widowed/divorced/separated

345 (38.2)

220 (24.4)

337 (37.4)

118 (43.2)

109 (40.0)

46 (16.8)

71 (39.4)

34 (18.9)

75 (41.6)

Country Born Australian born Overseas born

486 (53.6)

383 (42.3)

141 (51.6)

120 (44.0)

100 (55.6)

71 (39.4)

English Proficiency Very well or well Not well Not at all

785 (86.6)

95 (10.5)

15 (1.7)

233 (85.3)

34 (12.5)

5 (1.8)

161 (89.4)

17 (9.4)

1 (0.6)

Education Level Still at school Did not go to school Year 8 or below Year 9 -12 or above

2 (0.2)

22 (2.5)

147 (16.9)

701 (80.5)

0 (0)

8 (3)

60 (22.8)

195 (74.2)

0 (0)

3 (1.7)

39 (22.5)

131 (75.8)

Unemployment Duration (years), mean (SD)

7.1 (7.1)

8.0 (6.9)

8.7 (6.9)

Occupation/Social Status Full-time work Part-time work Voluntary work Home duties Retired Student Unemployed (due to pain)

Retraining Unemployed (other reason)

109 (12.4)

78 (8.9)

9 (1)

82 (9.3)

276 (31.3)

21 (2.4)

219 (24.9)

4 (0.5)

83 (9.4)

23 (9)

26 (10.2)

4 (1.6)

39 (15.2)

89 (34.8)

4 (1.6)

48 (18.8)

4 (1.6)

19 (7.4)

8 (4.9)

13 (7.9)

3 (1.8)

18 (11)

76 (46.3)

1 (0.6)

35 (21.3)

1 (0.6)

9 (5.5)

Compensation Worker’s compensation Third party insurance case Some other legal case None of the above

88 (10.2)

24 (2.8)

11 (1.3)

741 (85.8)

21 (8)

5 (1.9)

2 (0.8)

235 (89.4)

10 (5.7)

5 (2.9)

0 (0)

159 (91.4)